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Pinellas County African American History Museum presents ‘Living Legends’ exhibit, ‘Jim Crow Era’ talk –

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Through March 1, the Pinellas County African American History Museum presents “Living Legends and Lives of African Americans in Entertainment (1850-1970),” a collection on loan from historian and avid collector Willis Hakim Jones of Savannah, Ga. This Friday, the museum will also host a ‘Florida Talks Event: The Jim Crow Era’ at 7 p.m.

By J.A. Jones, Staff Writer

CLEARWATER — The Pinellas County African American History Museum at The Curtis (PCAAHM) serves as a repository of historical and cultural information and physical artifacts relating to African Americans in Florida. The museum is located in the former segregation-era school for Black children, Curtis Elementary School, named for renowned educator S.W. Curtis.

Currently on exhibit at the museum is “Living Legends and Lives of African Americans in Entertainment (1850-1970),” a collection on loan from historian and avid collector Willis Hakim Jones of Savannah, Ga.

“Living Legends” is the second Willis Hakim Jones exhibit acquired by PCAAHM, noted the museum’s co-founder and director Sandra Rooks. “We had already acquired his exhibit on the Gullah Geechee culture in 2019; his wide collection of artifacts are even in the National Museum of African American History and Culture,” she shared.

PCAAHM acquired the exhibit as part of Florida African American Heritage Preservation Network (FAAHPN), a professional museum and historical preservation association with over 40 museums throughout the state. The network’s mission is to promote the preservation of African-American landmarks and legacies and assist statewide museums in discovering, archiving, and illuminating African American contributions and experiences while serving as a public resource through tourism and education.

The network helps find exhibits like this one and supports the costs incurred in the laborious and costly packing and transfer of artifacts, art, and research materials.

Rooks co-founded the museum with Dr. Randy Lightfoot, who explained that the “Living Legends” exhibit examines the important contributions that early African-American entertainers and businesspeople made in the face of racism, opposition, and few resources.

“The exhibit shows how we were able to overcome, and, despite all the things that the performers had to go through, they did quality work. And after they did their quality work, of course, the larger companies came in and bought them out, and they were the ones that made the big profits,” Lightfoot relayed.

Willis Hakim Jones shared an example of this during the talk he presented virtually for the opening at PCAAHM/Curtis Museum. Jones describes how Black Swan Records was started by a Black man named Harry Pace in 1921 in New York City’s Harlem.

While Black Swan was the label that actually released the 1921 Ethel Waters hit “Down Home Blues,” the cost of recording and distribution was too much for the Black-owned record company. Once white record companies such as Paramount and Columbia got in the Black music business, with their extensive resources and connections, Black Swan was forced out of business within only two years, selling its catalog to Paramount.

PCAAHM also has their ongoing Jim Crow exhibit open for viewing and will be hosting a Florida Humanities’ “Florida Talks Event: The Jim Crow Era in Florida” this Friday, Jan. 28, at 7 p.m.

PCAAHM also has their ongoing Jim Crow exhibit open for viewing and will be hosting a ‘Florida Talks Event: The Jim Crow Era’ this Friday, Jan. 28, at 7 p.m.

Dr. Martha Bireda will present an overview of the Jim Crow era and its continued influence on American culture. Bireda is director of the Blanchard House Museum of African History and Culture in Punta Gorda, Fla., another FAAHPN member.

Lightfoot commented on the significance of investigating Jim Crow and its impact today in light of the ongoing revelation of the mistreatment and disregard of African-American graveyards such as those recently uncovered in Clearwater.

“Jim Crow has to do with the laws that segregated the society during that particular period in American history,” said Lightfoot. “I think that’s important because right now we’re dealing with the thing about the graves. Because of Jim Crow and all the things that happened under Jim Crow, that lack of respect translated into what they did as far as our graves were concerned. If you don’t even respect people’s resting place, that’s in line with what they were doing to our communities during the Jim Crow period.”

He also noted that Florida, like many other southern states, can still feel the remnants of Jim Crow. Instead of racial segregation, today, there is economical and class segregation impacting Black and Brown people.

The museum’s Jim Crow exhibit puts on display artifacts that some might find offensive, including posters and art depicting Black caricatures such as pickaninnies and an actual Ku Klux Klan robe — but Rooks said she feels like it’s important to acknowledge the history of America found in those objects rather than ignore or deny them.

“History has a tendency to repeat itself,” Rooks asserted, noting that becoming too lax, denying, or disregarding historical truths is dangerous. “Look at what they’re trying to do now – take away our voting rights.”

For her, continuing to share the truth of America’s past is integral to protecting Black freedom and the democracy of our future.

“Florida Talks Event: The Jim Crow Era in Florida” will be held this Friday, Jan. 28, at 7 p.m., at the museum, 1101 Marshall Street in Clearwater. Parking and entrance are on Grant Street.

“Living Legends and Lives of African Americans in Entertainment (1850-1970)” exhibit is on display through March 1. The museum is open on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays from 10-2 p.m., or Fridays by appointment only.



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Raheem Fitzgerald discusses his intimate portraits at The Factory on Feb. 29 –

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Don’t miss St. Pete native Raheem Fitzgerald in conversation with The Factory’s Liz Dimmit this Thursday, Feb. 29, from 5:30-7 p.m. at The Factory, 2606 Fairfield Ave. S, in St. Pete. 

BY J.A. JONES | Staff Writer

ST PETERSBURG – Raheem Fitzgerald’s portraits startle with the emotional information each piece emotes.

“It’s in the eyes,” intoned his cousin Juan DaCosta. “The way they look at you.”

Fitzgerald has been a curator at The Factory in St. Pete for several years, bringing several art shows and music events to the space. “Re:Definition” is his first solo show in the space.

The description for “Re:Definition” notes that it presents Fitzgerald’s unfolding studies into art history and the Black experience. His work forms a continuum with the expressive figurative painting and politically engaged works of European and Black American artists.

Ice Cold, 2024 Raheem Fitzgerald

A St. Pete native who spent a chunk of his childhood in Atlanta, Fitzgerald returned in 2016 and has been an active member of the creative community. His evolution has included being a digital creator, DJ and founder of NHO, a lifestyle company created by himself and three friends outside a Starbucks in Atlanta.

He described his journey as embracing the artistic life with intentional decisions about everything from his singular hairstyle and demeanor — black and white images of Harry Belafonte and Sammy Davis, Jr. may offer a clue to his signature, somewhat retro clothing style of a white tee with fitted, slightly above the ankle jeans.

He’s also happy to credit the “artful tradition that preceded him,” which, according to his writing, “ultimately model a grander vision for himself and society. His work allows us to indulge in his belief in the idea of the masterpiece as an achievable aesthetic pursuit at a time when most have become disillusioned with the implication that the current economic and social order represents any semblance of a meritocracy.”

While his journey to find inspiration while presenting himself as an “icon” may be informed by named movements, he gives a nod to the Fauvists of 1920s France. His ongoing evolution as a painter ensures that his ultimate creations are self-determined. One of the artists involved in creating the “Black History Matters” mural in front of the Woodson (his was the first “T” in Matters), the bio for “Re:Definition”  notes that Fitzgerald is “looking to ‘redefine’ traditional subjects and reconstruct painting for his own purposes.”

Black Carmelina, 2024 Raheem Fitzgerald

While many of his works are strictly portraits of unnamed individuals whom Fitzgerald brings to life with rich, dark shades and haunting gazes, his interest in social and historical periods of unrest is also evident.

His examination of our fractured democracy undergirds his both whimsical and heavy painting “America Responding to War.” Painted in early 2023, after a trip to New York’s Modern Museum of Art, Fitzgerald explained, “It’s about, you know, being Black in America and like having to kind of keep it together when there’s like, excuse my language, really fucked up stuff happening around you. Those Ballerinas are dancing around a painting called The Charnel House by Pablo Picasso that features a pile of dead bodies; I went to the MoMA, and then I came back home and painted that. It’s what I think a lot of people can relate to; whether you’re Black or white, you got to keep it together in the face of some stuff that really ain’t easy. “

Another painting, “Black Congress,” is his rendering of images of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense.

Aware of his increasing abilities and craft development, Fitzgerald has considered taking training at an MFA program. He admitted that his interest is “mostly just wanting to pursue higher education. It’s funny when I said that, you know, I think a lot of people in my family were like, ‘Wow.’  My grandma said, ‘Wow, I’m so happy to hear this,’ and my mom … always knew which kind of kid I was going to be.”

Les Femme Asisse, 2024 Raheem Fitzgerald

While he may shrug off the urge to go to school for painting to make his family proud, it’s also evident that Fitzgerald is a serious painter who desires to take his raw talent to a level that will have his work in international museums. When asked how he’s moved beyond the work of a young artist who is still relying on digital tools to do work, he’s cautious about judging; instead, he attributes it to consistent work.

To his mind, his abilities are the natural product of constant woodshedding. “[I] couldn’t say, “I’m a basketball player — when LeBron James goes to the gym every day. So, I think it just comes from the fact that I do this a lot … That’s why it looks different, or that’s why it occurs differently. Probably.”

His hard work and time spent indicate that Fitzgerald is going places; another sign is his curiosity about what makes other great artists tick and his awareness that it is more than technique.

For him, learning about painting is also “studying painters and the techniques they use to produce their work; the rooms they hang out in; the conversations they had with their peers. That’s more so what I mean. It’s like painting is about the actual putting the liquid and then letting it dry into a solid onto a surface, you know, but it’s also about just other things.”

Raheem’s evolution as an artist can be seen on Instagram, where he shares his work under the handle @abstractpoet.

You can see him talk about his work in person with The Factory’s Liz Dimmit this Thursday, Feb. 29, from 5:30-7 p.m. at The Factory, 2606 Fairfield Ave. S. In partnership with the Fairgrounds St. Pete, attendees at the talk will receive discounted tickets to the Fairgrounds, which features new exhibits.

“Re:Definition” runs through March 10. Click here for more information.



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Toms, coons and mammies reimagined at the Woodson –

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Patrick Jackson, (left), manager of education and outreach at the Woodson Museum and curator Dr. Cody L. ‘Spec’ Clark discussing the artifacts in the ‘Resilience & Revolution: An Immersion of Black Americana’ collection.

BY FRANK DROUZAS | Staff Writer

ST. PETERSBURG — Dr. Cody Clark stopped by the Woodson African American Museum of Florida on Feb. 10 to discuss his exhibit, “Resilience & Revolution: An Immersion of Black Americana,” co-curated by Montague Collection, an exhibition company dedicated to illuminating the richness and complexity of African American history through visual arts.

Clark was the program counselor for Gibbs High School’s Pinellas County Center for the Arts for more than 35 years and has been building his collection for over two decades.

Clark explained there is a distinction between Black Americana and Jim Crow art. As Jim Crow memorabilia thrived between the 1880s and the 1960s, it was created by whites and depicted exaggerated stereotypes of African Americans, such as the female “mammy,” a male “brute caricature” or the grinning young “pickaninny.”

Visit the Woodson and take a step back in time to the Jim Crow era, where you’ll explore the stark realities of discrimination.

“They are not designed by African-American people, and they are not really about our lives,” he said. “They are what the whites thought would be oppressive to African Americans.”

Black Americana includes art created by Black people or artists counseled by Black people. Clark said some believe even today that racism isn’t an issue, yet “when you look at something that has occurred in the making of thousands of these pieces … you can see the insidious work that such a thing can cause, especially in large numbers and especially in homes daily.”

Clark found most of his pieces in thrift stores and yard sales, while some of the more valuable ones came from antique shops. He pointed out that the pieces attracted his attention because while the message they send about a people is evil, they are genius in their effectiveness of what they have caused.

Before acquiring a piece, he asks himself: “What is it telling me beyond its horribleness? What is it telling me beyond its intent? What are the unintended consequences of looking in their faces?”

Clark has displayed his collection in Florida and Georgia, and it has been chiefly in front of a white audience, Clark admitted.

During the Jim Crow period, African Americans were confronted by institutional discrimination and acts of individual discrimination and generally treated as second-class citizens.

As an educator, he displayed some of these pieces in his office and discovered that his Black students didn’t experience as much discomfort with them as did white students and white faculty members.

“The Black students were able to understand a collection like this once explained,” he said.

In his experience, Clark said that white people often become nervous when the subject of racism is brought up. He said they don’t realize they’re in the fight, but they are.

“You have to be involved in the solutions of what racism is about,” Clark asserted.

He revealed that white people have given him some of these pieces, in essence, trying to unburden themselves of them.

“They had them and are afraid of them, so they believe me to be a safe place to give them. I can understand why they’re nervous, but they also believe they’re history,” Clark explained.

There have been Black people upset by his collection. Clark knows some who have acquired such items to destroy them. White people, on the other hand, don’t want to even think about their existence at all — both viewpoints are too extreme for learning purposes, he averred.

“If you don’t really look at how this could happen, you will not understand how we got here,” Clark said. “And you certainly won’t know the proper, effective ways of solving the future.”

We must acknowledge the past and must do better to understand the difference between saying or doing a racist thing and comprehending the system of racism, he affirmed,

“You can get over someone calling you the n-word,” Clark said, “but when you are caught in a system, and you really don’t know how to break that system, that’s a problem. All of us are in it.”

Touching upon the specific items, he referred to the well-known image of Aunt Jemima as the “queen” of them all. He said she feeds people, and children will not go hungry when you see her around. Figures such as this are in our lives, Clark noted, adding that he knew some white women who were “Jemimas,” who did not feed him with food but with advice and direction in life.

“Look out for the Aunt Jemimas in your own life and what they do,” he said. How were you fed? Real good food or not so good? Some of us have had to shake loose of some of what you were fed.”

Aunt Jemima with her husband, Uncle Mose.

Indicating a depiction of Uncle Mose, whose name was changed from Uncle Rastus to avoid confusion with the Cream of Wheat character; he was the husband of Aunt Jemima. Clark noted that he appeared smiling with his hat in his hand, as though he wouldn’t harm a flea, but he is really absorbing information to relay.

“He’s right there listening, paying attention,” he explained. “Not loud. Some of us have had to learn to be Uncle Mose on the inside and how to take back the information. Who is that in your life, Black or white or other ones that can quietly speak the truth to you without the bravado, without the noise, but be just as effective?”

The oldest piece, the “topsy-turvy doll,” likely made by the enslaved for whites before the Civil War, could switch its appearance from a Black girl to a white girl when turned inside out.

Dr. Cody Clark likened the topsy-turvy doll to today’s code-switching.

“There’s not a Black person in this room that doesn’t know what code-switching is about. There are times when, because you are not being met with your true self, you will have to turn into that,” he said, pointing to the doll. “Your language must change; your actions must change because the larger community — the white community — won’t understand you. You can’t get that job if you don’t know how to switch and bring it back when you come home.”

Another doll in his collection from the 1960s was of a Black girl but with “white” characteristics, notably in the style of the hair and shape of the face and nose.

Over the years, African Americans became more educated, but it had unintended consequences, he noted.

“The more educated African Americans become, the more we shoulder the work in trying to make whites comfortable with us so that we are more digestible,” Clark said.

He encouraged whites to be more active in understanding what life is like for African Americans on a daily basis, even suggesting they attend a Black church to “be the uncomfortable one surrounded around Black people and see how you feel about it and learn what that’s like.”

On Tuesdays and Thursdays after 1 p.m. through the end of the month, you can gain insight on the collection from Dr. Clark himself at the Woodson, and on Feb. 29 at 6 p.m., don’t miss the closing reception of “Resilience & Revolution,” featuring Dr. Clark, as well as Clinton Byrd and Cedric Jones of the Montague Collection.

The Woodson African American Museum of Florida is located at 2240 9th Ave. S, St. Petersburg.

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An Immersion of Black Americana’ at The Woodson Feb. 10 –

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Join Dr. Cody Clark for the ‘Resilience & Revolution: An Immersion of Black Americana’ on Saturday, Feb. 10, from 5-8 p.m. 

ST. PETERSBURG – The “Resilience & Revolution: An Immersion of Black Americana” exhibit, now on display at The Woodson African American Museum of Florida, is a thought-provoking and immersive experience co-curated by The Montague Collection and Dr. Cody Clark.

The exhibition will captivate visitors by delving into the rich tapestry of African-American history and culture. The “Resilience & Revolution” is a beacon of hope, knowledge, and understanding, challenging stereotypes and celebrating the resilience and contributions of African Americans.

Visit the Woodson this Saturday, Feb. 10, from 5-8 p.m. to hear co-curator Dr. Clark as he speaks about the artifacts in the collection. Coinciding with the Second Saturday ArtWalk, the reception will allow guests to view African Americans’ relentless pursuit of justice and equality during this period through ephemera, memorabilia, and narrative.

About The Montague Collection

The Montague Collection stands as a distinguished bespoke exhibition company dedicated to illuminating the richness and complexity of African-American history through the compelling medium of visual arts. With unwavering commitment and profound reverence, we curate exhibitions that pay homage to African Americans’ vibrant legacy and profound contributions, fostering cultural understanding and inspiring a more inclusive world.

About Dr. Cody Clark

Dr. Cody L. “Spec” Clark has had a long-standing career of over 35 years with the renowned arts magnet program at Gibbs High School as the program counselor of fine and performing arts. He was educated in Georgia and completed his bachelor’s degree in psychology at LaGrange College in LaGrange, Ga.

He completed both his master’s degree and his specialist degree in counseling education at the University of South Florida in Tampa. In 2003, he finished his doctoral degree in Children, Youth, and Family counseling services at Nova Southeastern University in Ft. Lauderdale. Clark specialized in African-American youth in the visual and performing arts.

Resilience & Revolution: An Immersion of Black Americana is on display through March 1.



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